2026-10-15T12:13:51Z https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/oai

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1 2024-06-03T11:28:26Z gjir:brev driver

Computational Methods in Nuclear Radiation Shielding and Dosimetry Kaur, Baljit Computational Methods Nuclear Radiation Nuclear Radiation Shielding Dosimetry The book is a comprehensive guide to the application of computational methods in the field of nuclear radiation shielding and dosimetry. The book covers a wide range of topics, from basic principles to advanced techniques, making it an ideal resource for both students and professionals in the field. Vyom Hans Publications 2023-04-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Non-refereed Book Review application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/1 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 1-2 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/1/1 Copyright (c) 2023 Prof Baljit Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.jpr.vyomhansjournals.com:article/2 2024-06-01T05:55:35Z gjir:art

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4 2024-06-03T11:28:26Z gjir:art driver

Estimation of Soil Porosity in Parts of Karnataka and Kerala by Gamma-Ray Attenuation Method Shaju, Abin Akshaya, K. K. Namitha, S. N. Soil porosity Gamma-Ray Attenuation Mass attenuation linear attenuation prime factor in environmental studies Radiation Physics Background: Soil porosity ($\Phi$) is a prime factor in environmental studies as pore spaces govern water and oxygen flow in the soil.Purpose: Soil porosity has an impact on the durability and structural performance of cement pastes, mortars, and concretes by affecting the strength and mass transport processes. An exemplary determination of this is essential due to the inevitability of this physical property in numerous fields of natural science. Methods: In this study gamma ray attenuation method was used for the examination.137Cs was used for the mass attenuation process. The mass attenuation coefficient of dry samples was calculated from the transmission measurements.Results: The porosity was obtained by using the values of mass attenuation, thickness of sample, soil particle density. Porosity for different thickness of the sample was calculated. The results of the five sample have variance which shows each sample was calculated. The results of the sample have its own characteristics. Conclusions: Porosity values succors one in constructions and agriculture. The result obtained is found to be satisfactory. Keywords: Mass attenuation, prime factor in environmental studies, Gamma-Ray Attenuation, Soil porosity  Vyom Hans Publications 2023-08-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/4 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 10-17 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/4/6 South Karnataka and North Kerala Copyright (c) 2023 Abin Shaju https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5 2024-06-03T11:28:26Z gjir:art driver

SELF GENERATING n-TUPLES Wadhawan, Narinder Pythagorean’s triples Quadruples Quintuples Sextuples n-tuples MSC Subject Classification: Number Theory, 11D09 Background: The Pythagorean triple based on Pythagorean Theorem, were known in to ancient Babylon and Egypt. The interrelation of the three was known as far back as thousands of years, but it was Pythagoras who explicitly explained their equation.Purpose: Different methods have been put forth by the mathematicians for generation of Pythagorean’s triple and n-tuples but this paper provides a unique method how these get self-generated by use of simple algebraic expansions.Methods: An algebraic quantity (a+b) squared equals to (a-b) squared plus 4ab and if a or b is assigned such a value that makes 4ab a whole square, then (a+b), (a-b) and under root of 4ab turns Pythagorean’s triple. Similarly, utilizing such algebraic identities, Pythagorean’s quadruple up to n-tuples can be generated. If (a+b) is squared, it provides a squared plus b squared plus 2ab. If quantity 2ab is transformed to a whole square on account of assigning values to a or b, then Pythagorean’s quadruples are obtained. Results: Assigning specific values to the terms of simple algebraic identities results in the generation of Pythagorean triples and n-tuples.Conclusions: This paper presents empirical research in which algebraic identities are utilized, resulting in the self-generation of Pythagorean n-tuples. Specific formulas need not be applied, as basic algebraic identities are well known to scholars and students alike. Keywords: Pythagorean’s triples, Quadruples, Quintuples Vyom Hans Publications 2023-08-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/5 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 18-27 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/5/7 Copyright (c) 2023 Narinder Wadhawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6 2024-06-03T11:28:26Z gjir:art driver

Nanodosimetry: A Study Using The Monte Carlo Code PENELOPE For The TG 6.2 of EURADOS WG 6 Araújo, Lucas Fonseca, Telma Nanodosimetry Monte Carlo Simulation PENELOPE Low Energy Electrons Radiation Physics Physics Background: New technological developments have been made to measure absorbed dose on a small scale, especially at the micro- and nanoscale. Studies have been carried out with short-range ionizing radiation and low-energy particles in human cells to analyse the effect and response of DNA. Purpose: In this work, a scenario in which a radioactive 125I irradiating several spheres of liquid water were simulated using the EURADOS exercise for computer-aided dosimetry. Methods: The modelling and simulations were performed with PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation code. The energy deposited on the targets was used for calculation and analysis. Results: The obtained results were within acceptable uncertainties of up to 2% in all simulated cases. The average deviation of the results for the two different collisions configurations and the average deviation of the uncertainties obtained in the liquid water targets were 2.5% and 21%, respectively. Conclusions: The code response was appropriate for the simulated deposited energies in the liquid water sphere, which showed a behavior curve in all configurations and quantitative differences with respect to the first target for different types of collisions. Keywords: Nanodosimetry, Monte Carlo Simulation, Low Energy Electrons, PENELOPE Vyom Hans Publications 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/6 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 33-40 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/6/8 Copyright (c) 2023 Lucas Araújo; Telma Fonseca (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7 2024-06-03T11:28:26Z gjir:art driver

Effect of Various Reducing Agents On ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesis Kumar, Avneesh Nanoparticles Precursor Reducing agents sol-gel XRD Physics In this study, ZnO nanoparticles are prepared by using sol-gel method. This method is used by many researchers because of its case of use, easily availability of apparatus, low cost and it is easy to perform. The aim of this research is to study the size of ZnO nanoparticles using different reducing agents like NaOH NH3OH or Triton X-100. The used chemicals are highly pure with AR grade. The precipitates were formed and annealed at a temperature of approx.10000C.The precipitate was collected and characterized by XRD analysis to calculate the crystalline size of the nanoparticles. Nanosized ZnO powder was successfully synthesized and XRD analysis reveal that crystalline size is independent of different reducing agents at 10000C. Also, the results obtained show that the sol-gel method can produce good-quality ZnO particles by using any reducing agents. Keywords: Nanoparticles, sol-gel, XRD Vyom Hans Publications 2023-11-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/7 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 28-32 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/7/9 Copyright (c) 2023 AVNEESH KUMAR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/8 2024-06-30T10:44:27Z gjir:art driver

Evaluation of Radioactivity in Tailings From Niobium Mining Soares, Elydio Almeida, Fernando Mendes, Bruno Passos, Ricardo Fonseca, Telma radioactivity of niobium tailings exploration of niobium in Araxa city (MG), Brazil Araxa niobium exploitation Radioactive contamination study Radioactive waste management Niobium tailings characterization Federal University of Minas Gerais Niobium tailings characterization This study evaluates the radioactivity of niobium tailings, based on barite and magnetite concentrates, collected from the exploration of niobium in Araxa city (MG), Brazil. The research is part of a study aimed at using mineral wastes as raw materials for production of cementitious mortars in construction industry. Initially, the samples were monitored using a GM type detector, Gamma spectrometry analysis using a NaI(Tl) detector registered the presence of 214Bi and 208Tl above the background radiation in both, samples. Using a HPGe detector, it was possible to calculate the concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in the barite and magnetite samples, the results were 0.24 ± 0.004 and 0.80 ± 0.003 Bq/g and 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.87 ± 0.01 Bq/g respectively. The analyses of the results obtained from NAA techniques showed uranium concentration of 5 ± 1μg/g and 12 ± 2μg/g and thorium concentration of 70 ± 1 and 137 ± 2μg/g for barite and magnetite, respectively. The results show that the niobium tailings collected from the mining in Araxá does not represent a radioactivity risk of exposure dose to the public in accordance to the reference values of National Agency CNEN NN 3.01, 2014. Nevertheless, the presence of 226Ra should be investigated, as it is a source of radon gas exhalation, which can be a risk factor in using these mineral tailing as construction materials. Keywords: Radioactivity of niobium tailings, Araxa niobium exploitation, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Radioactive waste management Vyom Hans Publications 2024-01-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf text/html https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/8 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 41-46 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/8/11 https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/8/18 Tailings from niobium mining in Araxa city of MG states in Brazil Copyright (c) 2023 Elydio Soares; Fernando Almeida, Bruno Mendes, Ricardo Passos, Telma Fonseca (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/11 2026-01-21T05:25:16Z gjir:art driver

Analysis in Materials Science by Predicting Concrete Compressive Strength Using Machine Learning Taufiq Hakimi bin Mohamad Suffian Bhuyan, M. machine learning artificial intelligence concrete compressive strenght Future developments in materials science engineering will be greatly influenced by the application of machine learning for determining the properties of concrete, especially its compressive strength. This research predicts the compressive strength of concrete with eight independent variables, including cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and age using supervised machine learning (ML) techniques of linear regression (LR) and light  gradient boosting machine (LGBM). The ML models are fed a total of 1030 datasets using a 70:30 split ratio for training and testing. Performance metrics like R2 , MAE, MSE, and RMSE are used to assess how well the ML models are in making predictions. From the research, the LR model (R2 value of 0.607) is less effective than the LGBM model (R2 value of 0.920) in predicting compressive strength. Furthermore, feature importance predicted by LGBM shows that the cement content (2331), fine aggregate (2200), and coarse aggregate (2076) all significantly influence the prediction of concrete compressive strength Vyom Hans Publications 2024-06-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf text/html https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/11 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 01 (2024); 54-62 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/11/24 https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/11/26 Copyright (c) 2024 Taufiq Hakimi bin Mohamad Suffian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/12 2026-01-21T05:25:16Z gjir:art driver

On Vertex-Based Dimension of Some Graphs Joining Certain Prism Graphs Gayathri, M. Metric dimension independent set basis set convex polytope prism graph prism graphs Mathematics Background: In graph theory, the prism graph is a type of graph that is characterised by having the structure of a prism as its underlying framework. The notion of a resolving set and that of metric dimension for a graph of a prism is important in uniquely identifying the vertices within a prism graph. For a non-trivial connected graph $\Gamma_{r}=\Gamma_{r}(V, E)$, an ordered subset $U$ of vertices $resolves$ any pair of different vertices $y_{1}, y_{2} \in V$, if $d(v, y_{1})\neq d(v, y_{2})$ for some $v\in U$. Such a set $U$ is said to be a resolving set for $\Gamma_{r}$ and the smallest cardinality of $U$ is called the $metric$ $dimension$ of $\Gamma_{r}$. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to determine the notion of resolving sets and their corresponding metric dimensions for two complex families of planar graphs obtained by joining $m-$copies of the prism graph on known families of convex polytope graphs.Methods: The methods used are purely theoretical, based on mathematical reasoning and established definitions related to graph theory.Results: In this article, we have determined successfully the resolving set and metric dimension for two specific complex families of planar graphs, denoted by $\mathrm{L}_{n}$ and $\mathrm{M}_{n}$, constructed using $m-$copies of a prism graph. These findings contribute to our understanding of these concepts within graph theory.Conclusions: This research indicates the importance of studying resolving sets and metric dimensions in various graph structures, particularly those derived from multiple copies of the prism graph connected through known families of convex polytope graphs. This work may inspire further investigations into similar graph families or other applications of these concepts in different areas of mathematics and computer science. Keywords: Metric dimension, independent set, basis set, convex polytope, prism graphs2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C12 Vyom Hans Publications 2024-04-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf text/html https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/12 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 01 (2024); 46-53 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/12/12 https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/12/20 NA Copyright (c) 2024 M. Gayathri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/13 2026-01-21T05:25:16Z gjir:art driver

Numerical Simulation of Shell Model Single Particle Energy States using Matrix Numerov Method in Gnumeric Worksheet Awasthi, Shikha Sastri, O. S. K. S. Sharma, Aditi Gora, Swapna Single particle energy states matrix Numerov method Gnumeric doubly magic Nuclear Shell Model Nuclear Physics Physics education Single particle energy states as described by the nuclear shell model are obtained for doubly magic nuclei using a Gnumeric worksheet environment. The Numerov method rephrased in matrix form is utilized to solve the Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation (TISE) within mean-field approximation, described by Woods-Saxon (WS) potential along with the spin-orbit term, to obtain the single-particle energies for both neutron and proton states. The WS model parameters are chosen from previous simulation results performed using matrix methods technique involving sine basis, where optimization was done w.r.t available experimental single-particle energies for 208Pb and 20Ca. In this paper, only the algorithm parameters, step size ‘h’ and matrix size ‘N’ are optimized to obtain the expected energy level sequence obtained using matrix methods. An attempt is made, by incorporating this tool within the framework of guided inquiry strategy (a constructivist approach to learning), to actively engage the students in assigning appropriate J π configurations for ground states of nuclei neighboring the doubly magic ones. It has been observed that the ground state configurations could be better predicted when energy level sequences are known for all nuclei as compared to what is usually obtained from that of 208Pb alone. Vyom Hans Publications 2024-07-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf text/html https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/13 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 01 (2024); 63-75 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/13/22 https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/13/23 In this manuscript, we provide a numerical simulation study to obtain single particle energy states in doubly magic nuclei as described by nuclear shell model. Copyright (c) 2024 Shikha Awasthi; O. S. K. S. Sastri, Aditi Sharma, Swapna Gora (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/14 2024-06-03T11:28:26Z gjir:art driver

An Intercomparison Exercise Between EGSnrc and MCNPX for Validation of New egs kerma User Code Araujo, L. F. Ferreira, C.V.G. Silva, F.S.G. Paixao, L. Fonseca, T.C.F. Computational Modelling Monte Carlo Simulation egs kerma MCNPX EGSnrc TG 195 Background: The “Case 1” exercise described in the TG report 195 of the American Association of Physicists inMedicine was used. This exercise aims to verify the material attenuation of a filter of aluminum and the half andquarter-value layer calculations.Purpose: The objective of this work was to perform an intercom-parison exercise using two Monte Carlo codes,MCNPX and EGSnrc, and its recently released egs kerma user code.Method: A collimated X-ray source was considered for two mono-energetic (30 and 100 keV) and two X-ray spectra(30 kVp Mo/Mo and 100 kVp W/Al) beams.Results: The HVL and QVL results obtained using both MC codes were compared to the results provided by the TG195. The average percentage deviations obtained between the results and the published by TG 195 were less than 1%for both sources.Conclusions: The results obtained between the MC codes were used to validate the newly released egs kerma usercode, which compared to cavity user code results have shown no differences. Keywords: Computational Modelling, Monte Carlo Simulation, egs kerma, TG 195, EGSnrc, MCNPX. Vyom Hans Publications 2023-08-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/14 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023); 3-9 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/14/13 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16 2026-01-21T05:25:16Z gjir:art driver

Awareness of Drug and Substance Abuse Among Female Undergraduates: A Survey-Based Analysis Dhiman , Monita Substance Abuse substance abuse in adolescence motivation for substance abuse disorder addiction counselling mental health and substance abuse Background: Substance abuse is a significant public health issue, especially among young adults in higher education, due to distinct social, psychological, and biological factors. This study underscores the importance of addressing knowledge of substance abuse in educational settings, particularly among female students who face unique challenges and obstacles both in college and at home. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of drug and substance abuse among undergraduate female students, highlighting the need for enhanced and targeted awareness initiatives. Methods: A survey was administered to a sample of 948 female students enrolled in various graduate-level programs. Data were collected electronically using Google Forms and analyzed to assess the knowledge and awareness of drug and substance abuse among the participants. Results: The findings reveal varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding substance use among the respondents, with significant gaps identified. While some students recognize the importance of drug abuse education, there is a clear demand for more comprehensive and focused awareness programs. The literature review highlights which demands a motivation for change in substance abuse. global and regional trends in substance addiction, particularly the increased vulnerability of female students but the literature regarding knowledge among students is very less. In India, drug addiction among university students is influenced by factors such as peer influence, easy access to narcotics, isolation and sometimes academic pressure Conclusions: This study provides insights into the understanding and awareness about the various forms of drug addiction in youth. By understanding their knowledge, perspectives, and experiences, educational institutions can develop more effective strategies to avoid substance abuse. To enhance knowledge about the negative impact of drug use and create a safer, healthier learning environment, addressing the motivation for substance use disorders is essential. Vyom Hans Publications 2024-08-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/16 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 01 (2024); 76-84 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/16/28 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/17 2026-01-21T05:25:16Z gjir:art driver

Scoping Review of Pressure Ulcer Prevalence and Prevention in Elderly Inpatient Care in England Mathew, Biju Gloc, Nicola Pressure Ulcer Pressure Ulcer Prevalence and Prevention Care of the Elderly Inpatient Wards Health Care Background: Treatment of pressure ulcer brings significant financial burden to NHS Commissioners in UK. Currently the prevalence of the issue shows a consistent yearly increase based on the research data. Purpose: To evaluate the Pressure Ulcer Prevalence and Prevention on Care of the Elderly Inpatient Wards in England. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to explore the available sources of information on the pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention specific to care of elderly wards in UK. This review is focussed on patients above the age of 65 and involves desk research. Results: Inappropriate use and over-prescription of manual handling equipment, lack of timely risk assessment be the key reasons for increased prevalence of pressure ulcer cases in England. completion, education and training discrepancies, ineffective use of technology and specialist bedding were found to Conclusions: The preliminary results conclude that, for the pressure ulcer prevention strategies to be effective, appropriate use of pressure relieving equipment and staff trainings on its use is imperative. Timely risk assessments are of utmost importance to reduce the cases of pressure ulcer in the care of elderly patients Vyom Hans Publications 2024-01-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/17 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 01 (2024); 85-94 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/17/29 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/19 2026-01-22T06:42:56Z gjir:art driver

Dependence of Nuclear Flow on Different Parts of Nuclear Interaction Potential Kaur, Varinderjit Nuclear interaction potential Nuclear flow Mass asymmetry Momentum dependent potential Symmetry potential Background: During a heavy ion reaction, the interaction between projectile and target nucleons takes place and the outcome of a reaction depends strongly on the nuclear interaction potential, which is the imperative factor in deciding the fate of reaction. Several efforts have been made in this direction to explore number of phenomena. One of the most sought after phenomena in this direction is the collective flow and its various forms. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the dependence of collective nuclear flow on different parts of nucleon-nucleon interaction potential for different mass asymmetric reactions ^{129}Xe + ^{124}Sn (\eta = 0), ^{82}Kr + ^{158}Gd (\eta = 0.3), ^{56}Fe + ^{184}W (\eta = 0.5) and ^{35}Cl + ^{205}Tl (\eta = 0.7) by keeping Atotal=240Atotal=240 units. Two different signatures of collective flow have been studied: a) bounce-off of compressed matter in the reaction plane called directed flow and b) squeeze-out of the participant matter out of the reaction plane called elliptical flow. Methods: The present work is carried out within the Isospin dependent Quantum Molecular Theoretical Framework in which total interaction potential is composed of Skyrme potential, Yukawa Potential, Coulomb Potential, Momentum dependent interaction potential and symmetry potential. Results: The findings reveal that the directed flow increases with addition of momentum dependent interactions and symmetry potential while the elliptical flow tend to decrease with addition of these potentials. Conclusions: Both the momentum dependent interaction potential and symmetry potential have sizable affect on the magnitude of collective nuclear flow. A comparison between our calculations and experimental data for the energy dependence of elliptical flow for ^{129}{50}Xe + ^{124}{50}Sn reaction reveals that all the components of nuclear potential are necessary to explain the reaction dynamics. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/19 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024); 95-103 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/19/30 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/20 2026-01-22T06:42:56Z gjir:art driver

Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership: The Role of the 21st-Century Teacher Balayogi, Kotra Administration Leadership Management Teacher Role The education sector in any developing country caters to the production of a large resource pool of competent and capable citizens who would, assumably, be able to promote and enlighten the country’s progress to a considerable extent. The educational institutions, in a natural way, are flooded with large gatherings comprising teachers, students, maintenance staff, caregivers, librarians, lab assistants, and the like to ensure the smooth running of the same. All of these require good monitoring and synchronization for efficient and unhindered functioning. Administration is a process of systematically arranging and coordinating the human and material resources available to any organization for the main purpose of achieving the stipulated goals of that organization, and when applied to the educational leadership, personal, and professional skills. institution system, it is referred to as educational administration or institution administration. Administration occurs in every organization, and the present study focuses on the role of a teacher in getting things done for defined objectives to be accomplished. He/she should be decisive, diligent, consistent, and organized. The 21st-century teacher’s role is to teach, guide, and mentor students, mingle with staff members, and demonstrate directing ability along with leadership, personal, and professional skills. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/20 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024); 103-109 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/20/31 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/22 2026-01-22T06:42:56Z gjir:art driver

Environmental Disclosure and Share Price Performance IZEVBEKHAI, Monday Olade Frederick, Owa Meta-cognition Problem Solving Physics Education Reflective Thinking Critical Thinking Background: Businesses are working to create sustainability plans and give investors non-financial data reports that capture other aspects that aren’t covered in regular financial reports because they now have a broader perspective than just making a profit. This study underscores the importance of addressing the environmental and social disclosure and share price performance of firms in Nigeria. Purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate whether environmental reporting, social reporting, governance reporting and environmental and social governance have significant effect on share price performance of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria. Methods: The secondary source of data collection was adopted in the study where the purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of ten (10) selected firms for the study. Least Square regression analysis was used in this study price performance of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria. Results: The findings revealed that social reporting have no significant effect on share price performance whileenvironmental reporting, governance reporting environmental and social governance has significant effect on share Conclusions: It was concluded that the since environment where human being lives are being distorted with substances that are dangerous to his life, the need for sustainability has resulted in the appearance of various international organizations expressing a range of attitudes that guide and direct human dealings with the environment. Finally, it was recommended that there is need for investors and analysts to utilize indicators that factor the social and environmental issues into context prior to investment advice or decisions. Vyom Hans Publications 2024-12-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/22 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024); 131-141 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/22/32 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/24 2026-01-22T06:42:56Z gjir:art driver

Meta-cognition-Driven Problem Solving in Physics Education Modi, Muskan Meta-cognition Problem Solving Physics Education Reflective Thinking Critical Thinking Background: Meta-cognition, introduced by John H. Flavell, involves awareness and regulation of cognitive processes. In physics education, it plays a critical role in improving problem-solving skills through strategies like planning, monitoring, and evaluation. Purpose: This study examines how meta-cognitive strategies enhance problem-solving skills in physics, exploring their impact on fostering critical thinking and reflective learning. Methods: The research synthesizes literature and educational practices, analyzing targeted interventions to improve meta-cognitive awareness. Steps of problem-solving include understanding the problem, recalling knowledge, planning, monitoring, and evaluating. Results: Findings indicate that meta-cognitive strategies enhance students’ ability to tackle complex physics problems,fostering self-regulation and critical thinking. Conclusions: The integration of meta-cognitive strategies in physics classrooms empowers students to achieve effective and meaningful learning outcomes. Educators are encouraged to adopt these strategies to promote reflective and critical learning. Vyom Hans Publications 2024-01-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/24 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024); 110-118 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/24/33 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/25 2026-01-22T06:42:56Z gjir:art driver

Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors: A Detailed Systematic Review of Recent Progress Goyal, Supriya Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors Nanophosphors Combustion Synthesis Method Particle Size Background: Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors, with their distinct properties compared to bulk materials, have become a significant focus in nanotechnology research. Various synthesis methods, including solid-state reaction, sol-gel, and combustion, have been explored. However, challenges such as high processing temperatures, extended durations, and issues like luminescence degradation or agglomeration persist, highlighting the need for optimized approaches. Purpose: This study systematically reviews the characteristics of nanophosphors synthesized using the combustion method, providing a comprehensive overview. Methods: This review systematically analyzes nanophosphors synthesized via the combustion method. The methodology involves evaluating the effects of key synthesis parameters, such as fuel type, oxidizer flow rates, and precursor solution concentration, on particle characteristics. The combustion method’s ability to provide a high-temperature environment and produce hollow-free nanophosphors is highlighted, offering insights into the tunability of size, morphology, and luminescence properties. Results: The review examines the impact of dopant type, mole percentage, and codopants on the photoluminescence intensity of nanophosphors. It was observed that while dopant concentration does not alter the shape, morphology, or emission spectra, these properties can be enhanced by incorporating fluxes. Additionally, the dopant’s mole percentage significantly influences the emission intensity of the phosphors. Conclusions: This review analyzes over 45 papers from the last 15-20 years, focusing on rare-earth ion-doped nanophosphors synthesized using the combustion method. The study provides an in-depth examination of key characteristics such as particle size, crystalline size, surface morphology, and photoluminescence transitions. Vyom Hans Publications 2024-12-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/25 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 02 (2024); 119-130 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/25/34 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/28 2026-01-22T06:41:12Z gjir:art driver

Sustainable Composite Materials: A Review of Waste Reduction Strategies In Manufacturing Patnaik, Satya Ranjan Sustainable composite materials, Additive Manufacturing Waste reduction strategy Background: The manufacturing industry is poised for a transformative shift towards sustainability, driven by the pressing need to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce waste generated from traditional composite materials. This comprehensive review paper provides a pivotal roadmap for achieving this goal, presenting a systematic literature review of sustainable composite materials and waste reduction strategies. Purpose: Evaluating the effectiveness of various strategies, the paper highlights significant benefits, including reduced waste, improved resource efficiency, and minimized environmental footprint. Methods: The analysis encompasses key sustainable materials, including biodegradable and recyclable options, as well as effective waste reduction tactics such as design for recyclability, material selection, and end-of-life management. The effective applications of sustainable composite materials across various industries demonstrate their viability and potential for widespread adoption. Results: Despite the fact limitations and challenges are also discussed, the findings offer invaluable insights for manufacturers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to pioneer sustainable manufacturing practices. Conclusions: The paper identifies future research directions, including the development of novel sustainable materials, optimization of production processes, and implementation of circular economy principles, ultimately paving the way for a more environmentally conscious and responsible manufacturing sector. This research s erves as a critical stepping stone towards a waste-minimized, sustainable future for the manufacturing industry. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/28 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 03 (2024); 142-149 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/28/35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/29 2026-01-22T06:41:12Z gjir:art driver

Aspects of Energy Efficiency and the Execution of Modern Technologies for Achieving Net Zero Mandal, Debdutta Bhattacharjee, Jyoti Mitra, Debarati Roy, Subhasis Netzero emissions Energy efficiency Energy security Hybrid Renewable Energy Generation System Background: The energy efficiency and conversion technologies play a vital role for achieving net zero emission as well as environmental sustainability. As our nation and industries attempt to mollify the influence of weather trade, the optimizing the power usage and transition to purifier assets has predominant. Purpose:The chapter dicusses about energy performance measures a spectrum of strategies to reduce the electricity consumption as well as easy behavioural modification to advance technology solution. Methods: The mission not only for lower green house fuel emission and also the development of energy conversion technologies which are very crucial for decarbonisation energy system via allowing the hybridisation of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power. Results: For innovation the chapter outlines the hybrid renewable energy storage system like smart grids, electrification ,batteries and other storage technologies allow to the storage of excess energy generation during peak production time. Conclusions: The transition to net zero is a holistic method that considers not only cost effective technological improvement but also policy frame work as well as financial incentives and public engagement strategies to accelerate the adoption at scale. The chapter concludes by portraying that the race for achieving net zero is not an assignment, however, it has a possibility to transform our energy landscape into a cleaner one for our future generation. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-03-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/29 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 03 (2024); 150-163 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/29/36 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/30 2026-01-22T06:41:12Z gjir:art driver

Assessment of Wearing Resistant Property of the Fabricated Polymeric Ceramic Material Tamrakar, Gaurav Sahu, Rijan Gupta, Priyanka Wearing Resistant Polymeric Ceramic material Alumina Composites Zirconia Composites Background: A specific kind of substance in a polymeric material acts as a supporting framework, and the ceramic fragments enclosed within it are called a polymer-matrix ceramic composite. Due to the way distinct layers of composites attach to each other, the failure of composites varies from the characteristics of normal materials, and their efficacy is determined based on their wear-resistant properties. Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the wear-resistant behaviors of commonly used composite materials. Methods: Al2O3 and ZrO2 are the ceramic materials chosen for the investigation, while epoxy (formaldehyde and phenol) is the polymer chosen. By altering the weight proportion of the ceramics in the matrix of polymers, the study evaluates the outcomes of wear resistance. Results: The results show that up to 30% of the time, the zirconia composites wore out more quickly than the alumina composites. Conclusions: The study focuses on determining the wear-resistant behavior of zirconia and alumina composites, providing insights into their use in weight-sensitive applications. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-03-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/30 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 03 (2024); 164-170 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/30/37 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/31 2026-01-22T06:41:12Z gjir:art driver

The Mechanics of Inclined Honeycomb Structures: Advances and Challenges Rout, Sindhusuta Sharma, Nitin Jha, Puskar Honeycomb Structures Mechanical Modeling Compression Behavior Inclination Angle Design Optimization Background: Inclined honeycomb structures have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties, including enhanced strength-to-weight ratios and improved energy absorption capabilities. These structures offer promising applications in aerospace, biomedical, and energy sectors. Purpose: This comprehensive review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the complex mechanics governing inclined honeycomb structures. It sheds light on their mechanical properties, the effects of cell geometry and material properties, and the influence of inclined cell angles on their behavior. Methods: Analytical and numerical models are reviewed to evaluate the impact of inclined cell angles on mechanical performance. Additionally, the study identifies optimal cell angles for enhanced mechanical properties, investigates stress distribution and failure mechanisms, and examines the role of cell wall thickness, material properties, and honeycomb configurations. Results: The findings reveal that inclined honeycomb structures exhibit improved mechanical properties compared to traditional honeycombs, including increased compressive strength and toughness. Variations in cell shape and design optimization strategies are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of geometrical parameters and material selection. Conclusions: Despite their advantages, challenges such as manufacturing complexities and limited understanding of failure mechanisms remain. This review synthesizes existing knowledge, identifies research gaps, and outlines future research directions. By advancing research and overcoming these challenges, inclined honeycomb structures can be further optimized for high-performance applications in aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, energy absorption systems, automotive components, and advanced composite materials. This analysis will benefit researchers, engineers, and industry professionals in developing advanced inclined honeycomb structures. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-03-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/31 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 03 (2024); 171-179 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/31/38 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/32 2026-01-22T06:41:12Z gjir:art driver

A Comparative Study of Distance Metrics in Machine Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection Menon, Vaishnav Akash, R Jai Batra, Niveditta Fraud detection unsupervised learning k-means clustering distance metrics class imbalance Background: Credit card fraud detection is a critical problem due to the increasing volume of online transactions and the high costs associated with fraudulent activities. Previous studies in this field have investigated various machine-learning techniques to identify fraudulent transactions, with notable progress made through supervised learning methods. However, these models often face challenges due to the significant class imbalance in fraud detection datasets, where instances of fraud are much less frequent than legitimate transactions. Purpose: As a result, there is growing interest in unsupervised techniques, such as clustering algorithms, which do not depend on labeled data and may offer improved generalization to new and unseen fraud patterns. These unsupervised approaches can autonomously identify anomalies by grouping transactions based on shared characteristics, making them a valuable alternative for detecting evolving fraudulent activities. Methods: This work explores different distance metrics in clustering algorithms such as K-Means to identify fraudulent activity in a credit card dataset. The substantial class imbalance is highlighted by the European credit card transactions dataset, which consists of only 0.17\% of fraudulent transactions. The research utilizes multiple sampling techniques to address class imbalance. Results: The study found that the Euclidean distance metric produced the best results out of all potential techniques when applied to the K-Means algorithm. It emphasizes how crucial it is to deal with class disparities and use unsupervised methods for fraud detection in practical settings. Conclusions: In future research, there is scope for improvements in fraud detection systems, particularly in terms of finding enhanced algorithms and expanding data availability. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-03-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/32 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 2 No. 03 (2024); 180-194 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/32/39 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/34 2026-01-24T10:11:15Z gjir:art driver

The Double-Edged Sword of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Libraries and Research ONWUBIKO , Emmanuel Chidiadi Artificial Intelligence Academic library Information and Communication Technology Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) which as described by Onwubiko is a replication of human intelligence planted in machines as the brain and programmed to think and act as human but powered by computer Purpose: The study is an investigation into the beautiful and ugly sides of applications and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in Academic libraries and research. Methods: It adopted a descriptive survey, while a Likert four point type structured questionnaire was the only instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts in measurement and evaluation using Cronbach’s alpha. Result showed coefficient of α=.80. Data collected were analyzed using frequencies and simple percentile and presented in tables. Result: The outcome of the study revealed among other things that application and use of AI in academic library will enhance service provision to users and can positively enhance academic research. While on the negative side, AI may not always provide accurate prediction or decision, depending on the complexity of the task and quality of data. With it, academic research, data security is not guaranteed that at a point in time. Also, researchers might start to think that AI knows everything and can replace human researchers among others. Conclusion: Librarians and researchers agree that the application and utilization of AI will enhance library services and also enhance researchers’ scientific discovery and accelerates research process. Librarians in academic libraries in Nigeria should discard the allayed fears and view AI from the angle that it is a vital tool for the provision of vital information and enhancement of knowledge. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-03-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/34 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025); 1-15 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/34/40 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/39 2026-01-24T10:11:15Z gjir:art driver

Design and Analysis of Universal Joint Center Block Singh , Akash Tripathy, Santosh Universal joint ANSYS 16 Finite element analysis Background: Universal joints are critical components in automotive power transmission systems, enabling torque transfer between misaligned shafts. One of the essential elements of this mechanism is the center block, which connects the driver and driven shafts and is subject to complex loading conditions. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the structural performance of the center block by evaluating the effect of different material properties and design variations. The goal is to optimize the component in terms of strength, shape, size, and weight under real-time operating conditions. Methods: Design and simulation tools including NX 12 and ANSYS Workbench 16 were used to create and analyze two center block designs. Fracture analysis was performed by applying appropriate moments while fixing other components to replicate realistic operational conditions. Four materials structural steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and grey cast iron were tested in the simulation environment. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences in performance based on material selection and design variation. Structural steel and stainless steel provided higher strength, while aluminum alloy offered considerable weight reduction. The optimized design demonstrated improved mechanical integrity and material efficiency. Conclusions: Material selection and structural design significantly impact the mechanical behavior of the center block in a universal joint. Simulation-driven testing is effective in identifying optimal configurations, thereby enhancing the reliability and performance of automotive power transmission systems. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-05-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/39 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025); 16-23 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/39/41 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/40 2026-01-24T10:11:15Z gjir:art driver

MS Excel Spreadsheet: A Teaching-Learning Tool for Statistical Physics Mann, K. S. Probability A priori probability Empirical probability MS Excel Spreadsheet Background: Grasping the relationship between theoretical and empirical probability is essential in learning statistical physics, especially for undergraduate students. Traditional hands-on methods such as coin tosses and dice rolls, while pedagogically valuable, often require considerable time and effort to generate statistically meaningful data. Purpose: This study aims to explore how simulation using Microsoft Excel can serve as an effective alternative to manual probability experiments in undergraduate physics education. Methods: Simulations of two classical probability experiments coin tosses and dice throws were conducted using Microsoft Excel. The number of trials ranged from 101 to 105. These simulations tracked how empirical probabilities evolved and whether they converged toward the known theoretical probabilities with increased trials. Results: The results demonstrated a clear convergence between empirical and theoretical probabilities as the number of trials increased. The use of Microsoft Excel significantly reduced the time and effort needed for data collection while maintaining high accuracy. Conclusions: Microsoft Excel can effectively replace manual methods in undergraduate physics labs, enhancing both teaching and learning experiences. It enables students to focus on analyzing results and deepening conceptual understanding, making it a valuable pedagogical tool for reinforcing statistical ideas in a more engaging and time-efficient way. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-05-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/40 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025); 24-31 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/40/42 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/41 2026-01-24T10:18:26Z gjir:art driver

Meta-Literacy For Librarians And Users in An Era of Metaverse Technology: Librarians Point of View Onwubiko, Emmanuel Chidiadi Metaverse Library User Meta Literacy Information and Communication Technology Virtual Reality Background: Metaverse which is one the contemporary technologies that is shaping the way information is acquired and managed in the digital ecosystem entails the acquisition of special skill for both the librarians and the library user to be able to harness the gain of digital togetherness and the associated experience. Purpose: This study is an enquiry into ascertaining the views of librarians as it concerns the need for metaverse in libraries and meta-literacy for librarians and library users in this era of metaverse. Methods: The study used descriptive survey research design approach. The sampled population for this study was 850 selected through purposive sampling technique. The primary instrument used in this study for data collection is a questionnaire structured according to the modified Likert scale on four point rating while data collected were analyzed using frequencies, simple percentiles and presented in tables. Result: It was discovered that the librarians were aware of the potentials of metaverse towards effective library services and that the potentials of the technology requires that both librarians and library users need to be meta-literate for them to gain the prowess to adeptly interact with digital information within the digital world of metaverse. Conclusion: The optimal utilization of the metaverse technology in libraries of any sort depends on the meta-literacy skills acquired or possessed by both the librarians and library users. This is because without such skills, both librarians and library users cannot navigate and understand what happens within the digital ecosystem. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-05-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/41 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025); 32-47 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/41/43 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/42 2026-01-24T11:28:40Z gjir:rep driver

Manuscript Heritage and Contemporary Discourse in India Khatoon, Abida Manuscript- History Preservation Conservation Digitization Background: The historical significance of Indian manuscripts lies in their role as carriers of knowledge and cultural heritage, spanning from the Vedic period to the present day. Initially passed down orally,Indian texts were later inscribed on materials such as palm leaves, birch bark, and paper. Purpose: The manuscripts, written in diverse scripts like Brahmi, Kharosthi, and Devanagari, cover a wide range of subjects including philosophy, science, religion, literature, and history. The aim is to highlight their cultural and intellectual importance. Methods: Key themes found in these manuscripts include Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Islamic religious texts, as well as scientific works in fields such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and architecture. Results: Despite the richness of their content, Indian manuscripts face numerous preservation challenges, such as conservation, and digitization of these texts. degradation due to climate, insect damage, and insufficient cataloging. Efforts by government and institutional bodies, such as the National Mission for Manuscripts and Manuscript Conservation Centres, focus on the documentation, Conclusions: The future of manuscript studies in India lies in the integration of advanced digitization techniques, interdisciplinary research, and public engagement to ensure the survival and accessibility of these invaluable historical records. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-05-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Non-refereed Reports application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/42 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025); 48-61 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/42/44 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/44 2026-01-24T11:34:55Z gjir:rep driver

Forecasting Stock Market Prices through Long Short-Term Memory Method Goyal, Bhavisshya Amit Forecasting stock market stock market shares Prediction of futuristic price of stocks (shares) of listed companies at exchange has always been a fascinating area of interest for all kind of market participants. Whether short term traders. long term investors, or risk managers, everyone interest lies in forecasting the market accurately and in time. This study explores the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, a class of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), for predicting stock prices of major technology companies, Apple (AAPL), Google (GOOG), Microsoft (MSFT), and Amazon (AMZN) using historical data from 2005 to 2024. This work of mine “Stock Prediction using LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory”) method is a sincere effort in same direction, and I hope it will immensely help all market participants and serve them with more accuracy in forecasting share prices in near future period. Vyom Hans Publications 2025-05-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Non-refereed Reports application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/44 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 01 (2025); 62-67 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/44/45 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/45 2026-08-12T01:01:21Z gjir:art driver

Assessment of Uranium Biokinetics and Organ Dose Estimation Following Ingestion from Groundwater in the Patiala District, Punjab, India. Virk, Hardev Singh Uranium Groundwater Biokinetic modelling Uranium Retention Health Hazards Background: Uranium is a radioactive substance which is present in groundwater. Its ingestion through drinking presents both radiological and chemical risks to living organisms. Purpose: Our purpose is to study Uranium (U) retention in human body and the radiological dose delivered to different organs and tissues causing health hazards to residents of Patiala district. Methods: The sample collection was done in clean plastic bottles from 70 different locations of Patiala district. U estimation of groundwater was done by using the ICP-MS technique. Results: U retention and radiological dose delivered to different organs has been estimated using Li’s Model. Time dependence of U in Kidney, Liver, OST and Urinary Bladder has been studied. The maximum excretion occurs through faeces ranging from 41.89 µg d−1 to 371.57 Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/45 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025); 68-88 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/45/46 Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/46 2026-08-12T01:01:21Z gjir:art driver

Mie Scattering Absorption Coefficients of Silicate and Water at Various Wavelengths: Cross-Platform Validation with Laboratory, Satellite and JWST Data Suryan, Aazad Patel, Aditi Kamlesh D, Sujatha Singh, Sanjay Kumar Agheda, Kaushal Mie theory silicate absorption coefficient remote sensing satellite Background: Precisely characterizing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with planetary and cosmic matter is essential for contemporary remote sensing, atmospheric science, and astrophysics [1]. Purpose: We have calculated here wavelength-dependent absorption coefficients of silicate and water particles here, according to the Mie scattering theory to obtain the optical properties of them based on MATLAB numerical implementation Mie codes [5, 6]. Method: The Mie theory is the only analytic exact solution for electromagnetic scattering and absorption by homogeneous, isotropic spheres of arbitrary size [3, 24]. Cosmic Dust Models, and various remote-sensing methods [10]. Results: This study shows high cross-platform agreement and provides a sound foundation for planetary retrievals, Conclusions: The ubiquitous 9.7 micrometer silicate absorption feature is well represented, with calculated opacities that are consistent with laboratory FTIR measurements and verified in both CALIPSO lidar ratios of atmospheric dust and JWST / MIRI mid-IR exoplanet and disk spectra. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/46 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025); 89-99 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/46/47 Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/47 2026-08-12T01:01:21Z gjir:art driver

A Study of Physio-chemical parameters for Binary Mixtures of Primary Alcohol/Bromoethane Agheda, K J Chaudhary, N A Bariya, S N Soni, S S Prajapati, A N Chakrabarty, Chakrabarty Binary mixtures Ultrasonic velocity Refractive index Molecular Interaction Structural properties Background: The binary liquid mixtures of methanol (MeOH) and bromoethane (BR) were analysed across the mixing range (0.0 to 1.0) to determine molecular interactions and structural properties at a constant temperature of 283 K. Purpose: The ultrasonic speed and refractive index of the binary mixtures were measured at 283.15 K using a DMA 5000M (Anton Paar) and an Abbe refractometer, respectively. Method: Acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), and free length (Lf) were calculated from the ultrasonic velocity data of the binary mixtures. Some refractometric parameters, specifically internal pressure (Pint) and molecular radii (r), were assessed applying the measured refractive indices of binary mixtures. Conclusions: The excess parameters of ultrasonic and refractometric properties were determined and fitted using R. K. polynomial analysis. All these determined parameters have been used to investigate heteromolecular interactions in molecular species.  Vyom Hans Publications 2025-10-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/47 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025); 100-105 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/47/48 Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/51 2026-08-12T01:01:21Z gjir:art driver

The study of variation of hmF2 at low latitude during declining phase of 24 solar cycle Jan, Kaisar Kedare, Deepshikha Maski, Kalpana Vijay, S.K. hmF2 F2 ionospheric layer variation of hmF2 24 solar cycle Solar radiation Neutral winds and ionospheric electric fields influence diurnal and seasonal variation Physics Variations of maximum height of F2 ionospheric layer are analysed over ionospheric station Austin (30ᵒ16′11″N 97ᵒ45′25″W) during year 2018. An analysis was performed on the hmF2 data collected at Austin Station during the 24 solar cycle's declining phase. Measurements made during several seasons are included in the database. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of hmF2 are analyzed. We have derived hourly values of hmF2 (the real height corresponding to the peak electron density in the F2-region. The maximum height of F2 layer during the daytime show variation with the solar activity. It is higher during the higher activity periods and lower during the periods of low activity. Solar radiation, Neutral winds and ionospheric electric fields influence hmF2. For diurnal variation, the peak value of hmF2 is at 00:00 hrs (LT) and dips at 09:00 hrs (LT). In this paper, results showed that hmF2 in equinox is higher than in winter. During April hmF2 has maximum value and minimum in December. During nighttime value of peak height decreases and then increases. Keywords: hmF2, Ionosphere, low latitude, diurnal and seasonal variation, 24 solar cycle. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/51 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025); 106-111 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/51/49 Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/52 2026-08-12T01:01:21Z gjir:art driver

Synthesis, Crystal growth and characterizations of third order NLO active single crystal - Aminomethylpyridinium Trichloroacetate Kiruthiga , A. Priyadharshini , A. Third order Non-Linear optical (NLO) Materials Dielectric studies Etching analysis Z-scan measurement Physics Organic non-linear optical (NLO) single crystal of 2-Amino-6-methylpyridinium 2,2,2-trichloroacetate (AMPTCA) have been grown in methanol solution under slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The purity and lattice parameters of AMPTCA single crystal are confirmed through single crystal and powder XRD studies. The titled material belongs to monoclinic system with P21/n space group. The observed lattice parameters are a = 11.636 (8) Å, b = 14.663 (12) Å, c = 13.710 (4) Å and β = 96.326 (4) Å. The volume of the crystal is V = 2365.4 (9) Å3. The title compound was subjected to optical characterization by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy in the range starting from 200 to 1000 nm and the optical transparency is plotted. The UV cut off wavelength is found to be at 250 nm with a transparency about 92%. The crystalline perfection was studied by chemical etching analysis. The electrical properties were analyzed by dielectric studies and the third order NLO properties of grown crystal are confirmed through single beam Z -scan technique. Keywords: Third order Non-Linear optical (NLO) Materials, Dielectric studies, Etching analysis, Z-scan measurement Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/52 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025); 112-119 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/52/50 Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/53 2026-08-12T01:02:36Z gjir:art driver

The study of foF2 on low latitude over Cocos Island during the inclining phase of 25 solar cycle Kedare, Deepshikha Jan, Kaisar Singh, Madhuri Maski, Kalpana Vijay, S. K. foF2 Ionosphere low latitude diurnal and seasonal variation 25th solar cycle Physics This paper presents the variability of foF2 during 2023 at Cocos Island (12° 11′ 13′′ S, 96° 49′ 42′′ E) at a low-latitude station. A statistical analysis was performed on the foF2 data collected at Cocos Island during the 25 solar cycle's inclining phase. We have examined the diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations. The database contains measurements obtained throughout several seasons. In the present study, we investigated the daily, monthly, and seasonal variations using hourly values of foF2. According to the diurnal result, foF2 progressively drops from 15:00 (LT) to 23:00 (LT) and then rises from 06:00 (LT) to 15:00 (LT). Peak height values increase throughout the day and fall at night. The variations in foF2 are greatest during the Equinox and lowest during the summer. July exhibits the lowest variance in foF2, while October exhibits the greatest variation. Keywords: foF2, Ionosphere, low latitude, diurnal and seasonal variation, 25th solar cycle. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article text application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/53 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025); 120-124 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/53/51 Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/55 2026-08-13T12:59:49Z gjir:art driver

Nuclear isomers and astrophysical reaction rates: How long-lived excited nuclear states influence element formation in stars Khandelwal, Ayan Astrophysical reaction rates Nuclear metastable states S-Process Nuclear Physics Background: Nuclear metastable states that is isomers play a distinct roles in the nucleosynthesis of elements by altering reaction paths within stellar environments. Purpose: This study reviews the existing catalogue of nuclear isomers to analyse their influence on the astrophysically important s-process reaction rates. Methods: The work utilizes the database of s-process astrophysical reaction rates available at download.nucastro.org/astro/x/xfactors.txt. The focus is made on the nuclei where the ground state contributions could not fully constrain the nuclear reaction rates (metric X< 1) at temperatures relevant for astrophysical scenarios. These nuclei are further analyzed in terms of their spectroscopic properties using the Atlas of Nuclear Isomers. Results: A dataset of nuclei exhibiting X<1 at stellar temperatures (kT=30 and 80 keV) is compiled. Statistical analysis reveals a bimodal distribution in isomeric half-lives and a weak positive correlation between excitation energy and metric X, while half-life shows negligible correlation. Conclusions: The analysis suggests that the s-process reaction rates are more sensitive to isomeric excitation energies than to half-life of the state. Such insights are crucial for further research and measurements. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-07-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Word Document https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/55 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026) 2584-2919 en Not applicable Copyright (c) 2026 Ayan Khandelwal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/57 2026-08-13T12:59:49Z gjir:art driver

Impact of Active Learning Strategies on Student Achievement in Physics Education: A Comprehensive Literature Review (2010–2026) Ganesan K, Dr Krishnakanth Physics Education Physics education This extensive literature review explores the influence of participatory learning techniques on student performance in physics education, integrating findings from peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2026. The review is based on a systematic search across various academic databases, identifying 30 pertinent studies that utilized diverse research designs, including quasi-experimental frameworks, comparative analyses, and multi-institutional investigations. The findings consistently indicate that participatory learning methods yield better results compared to conventional lecture-based teaching across several facets of student achievement. Conceptual comprehension, assessed through validated tools such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM), demonstrates notable enhancement in participatory learning settings. Analytical reasoning abilities and performance on quantitative assessments also show improvement with active engagement, although these outcomes are heavily influenced by the fidelity of implementation and the proportion of class time dedicated to learner-centered activities. Among the various participatory learning models reviewed including Peer Instruction, inverted classrooms, Tutorials, SCALE-UP (Student-Centered Active Learning Environment with Upside-down Pedagogies), ISLE (Investigative Science Learning Environment), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and technology-supported active learning SCALE-UP consistently achieved the highest conceptual gains in multi-institutional evaluations. The review further highlights encouraging evidence that participatory learning strategies can contribute to more equitable academic results, narrow achievement disparities, and encourage positive shifts in attitudes toward physics, especially when inclusive teaching practices are emphasized. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-07-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article reveiew https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/57 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026) 2584-2919 en inverted classrooms, tutorials, investigative science learning environment, physics education Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Krishnakanth Ganesan K https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/58 2026-08-12T04:11:23Z gjir:art driver

Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost 8051-Based White Line Follower Robot Using IR Sensor Array and Embedded C Programming Jhala, Jaysinh Gadaria, Akshay White Line Follower 8051 Microcontroller IR Sensor Embedded C Robotics Electronics Line follower is a smart autonomous robot that detects or follows a white line embedded in the ground. Infrared sensors are used to detect these lines. Typically speaking, the area unit of the infrared sensors is used to locate the path that the robot must follow. The robot movement is automatic and can be used for applications of long distances. The device proposed is extremely useful in commercial, medical, rescue and military operations. It can be used in industrial automated equipment carriers, small household applications, tour guides in museums, etc. We have implemented the algorithm and controlled the movement of the robot by proper tuning of the control parameters using 8051 microcontroller and embedded C programming and thus achieved better performance. Using motor driver IC and BO (Battery operated) motor has been used for proper functioning of the robot. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/58 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025); 125-131 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/58/54 Copyright (c) 2026 Jaysinh Jhala, Akshay Gadaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/59 2026-08-14T00:07:06Z gjir:art driver

From Colors to Beer-Lambert Law: A Cognitive Learning Module Mongaraj, Subhashree Behera, Santosh Kumar Rout, Sarat Kumar Varadwaj, Kumar S. K. Analytical Chemistry Inorganic Complex UV-Visible Spectroscopy Beer-Lambert Law Problem Based Learning Chemistry Abstract: A colored compound absorbs visible light, which is reflected in its UV-Vis spectrum. The spectrum manifests both the amount of light (intensity) and the light energy that a particular compound absorbs. Reading a spectrum involves understanding the factors that affect the intensity and energy of the absorbed light. Herein, a curriculum-based Problem-based learning (PBL) teaching module is developed for undergraduate students to rediscover the above concepts. Students revisited the concepts underlying the origin of color in inorganic complexes and built hypothetical demo spectra for a compound at different concentrations. Students acquired the UV-Vis spectra for KMnO4 at different concentrations and plotted the graphs on  the Excel platform.  A quantitative estimate of the electronic transition energies was made for each observed peak. The hypothesis regarding spectral change with compound concentration is tested from the results, and the relation between concentration and absorbance is reestablished. The response to post-lab questionnaires indicated that the module propelled enquiring aptitude among the students and enhanced their ability for spectral data interpretation. The module may bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in the field of UV-Vis spectroscopy through active cognitive engagement. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-07-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/59 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026); 12-27 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/59/55 Copyright (c) 2026 Subhashree Mongaraj, Santosh Kumar Behera, Sarat Kumar Rout, Kumar S. K. Varadwaj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/60 2026-08-12T01:02:36Z gjir:brev driver

P.N. Ghosh – The Pioneer of Applied Physics in India Virk , Hardev Singh Rajinder Singh’s journey history of science Calcutta School of Physics Achievements of P.N. Ghosh founder of Applied Physics in Calcutta University Rajinder Singh’s journey in history of science started in 1995 at University of Oldenburg in Germany and he has already completed half a century of historical biographies with this book under review, mostly focussing on non-descript scientists of Calcutta School of Physics. The book under review describes the achievements of P.N. Ghosh, one of the earlier students of C.V. Raman, who has been recognized as the founder of Applied Physics in Calcutta University. In the Preface, the author writes: “The period from 1920 to 1930 is often referred to as the "Golden Era" of Indian physics. During this time, M.N. Saha formulated the Saha ionization equation (1920), which helped explain stellar structures; S.N. Bose co-developed the Bose-Einstein statistics (1924); and C.V. Raman discovered the Raman effect (1928), named after him. With this discovery, he laid the foundation for Raman Spectroscopy”. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-06-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Non-refereed Book Review application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/60 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025); 125-127 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/60/52 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/61 2026-08-12T05:12:03Z gjir:art driver

Protecting Identities and Secrets at Enterprise Scale: A Zero Trust Framework for the Age of AI-Augmented Threats Koppula, Sudheer Reddy Identity Protection, Zero Trust, Passwordless Authentication, FIDO2, MFA, Secrets Management, Workload Identity, Credential Attacks, Phishing-Resistant Authentication, AI-Driven Security As contemporary cloud-native systems evolve, identity has quickly become the foremost surface where attackers can compromise accounts. In addition to the 600 million identity-based attacks seen on a daily basis, 97% of these attacks leverage credentials i.e., passwords to gain access to systems. Rapid cloud adoption, new workloads created through cloud services, and emerging methods of attack (e.g., AI-assisted phishing or AiTM, which is often paired with credential theft) have made off-the-shelf authentication models obsolete. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive framework to protect an enterprise’s identity and secret at an enterprise-level and is based on Zero Trust principles as well as the experience of the author who serves as an SRE Platform manager for a large public cloud company. We will also address the evolving landscape of potential identity threats; for example: credential stuffing, token replay, OAuth consent phishing and attacks against non-person identities; and provide a multi-layered defense architecture to include: phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA), passwordless migration, workload identity governance, secrets lifecycle management, and AI-based anomaly detection. As part of this paper, we will also share results from an enterprise-scale implementation of MFA where we achieved more than 99.6% MFA adoption across 200,000+ employees and discuss the operational, cultural, and architectural lessons learned from this implementation. We will conclude this paper with action items for those organizations that hope to move from password-based authentication to a Zero Trust identity model. Vyom Hans Publications 2026-07-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/61 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026) 2584-2919 en Copyright (c) 2026 Mukesh Kumar, Sudheer Reddy Koppula https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/62 2026-08-12T05:12:03Z gjir:art driver

Goal and Non-goal Impact Oriented Machine Learning Based Soccer Player Performance Estimation Madan, Karun Taneja, Dr. Kavita Taneja, Dr. Harmunish Machine learning, Soccer team selection, Feature selection, Goal based impact ratings, Non-goal based impact ratings, Estimation of player performance Computer Science Background: Many machine learning and data mining methods are available to estimate the teams and players’ performance at various levels by using the historical data. Purpose: Estimating the futuristic performance of the soccer players with adequate accuracy can aid taking critical decisions while selecting an initial team line-up for the upcoming matches. Methodology: In the proposed work, feature selection has been done conceptually and purely knowledge-driven by the experts to categorize the features into two groups: Non-goal impact and Goal impact. Subsequently, conjunction of the output of four eminent machine learning based feature selection techniques i.e., Lasso, Mutual information, random forest, and RFECV, has been performed to obtain common features. These features have been presented to three machine learning models, i.e., Random forest, Gradient boost, and Linear regression, for three positional player categories, i.e., defenders, midfielders, and attacking forwards. Results: The best-performing model, i.e., random forest, with an accuracy of 93.45%, has been used to estimate two types of player performance ratings i.e. non-goal based impact ratings (NGI ratings) and goal based impact ratings (GI ratings) to select the team line-up for the upcoming game. Conclusion: Using mere machine learning for estimating the soccer player performance is not novel, as it may result in goal-biased or position-biased ratings. Since most of the previous work focused on goal oriented features, where defenders or midfielder would appear far weaker contributors in comparison to attacking players. The proposed work also gave due importance to the features having non-goal oriented impact on the game along with traditional goal-oriented impact features.   Vyom Hans Publications 2026-07-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/62 Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews; Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026); 1-11 2584-2919 en https://jpr.vyomhansjournals.com/index.php/gjir/article/view/62/53 Copyright (c) 2026 Karun Madan, Dr. Kavita Taneja, Dr. Harmunish Taneja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0