Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors: A Detailed Systematic Review of Recent Progress

Abstract

Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors, with their distinct properties compared to bulk materials, have become a significant focus in nanotechnology research. Various synthesis methods, including solid-state reaction, sol-gel, and combustion, have been explored. However, challenges such as high processing temperatures, extended durations, and issues like luminescence degradation or agglomeration persist, highlighting the need for optimized approaches. This study systematically reviews the characteristics of nanophosphors synthesized using the combustion method, providing a comprehensive overview.  This review systematically analyzes nanophosphors synthesized via the combustion method. The methodology involves evaluating the effects of key synthesis parameters, such as fuel type, oxidizer flow rates, and precursor solution concentration, on particle characteristics. The combustion method’s ability to provide a high-temperature environment and produce hollow-free  nanophosphors is highlighted, offering insights into the tunability of size, morphology, and luminescence properties. The review examines the impact of dopant type, mole percentage, and codopants on the photoluminescence intensity of nanophosphors. It was observed that while dopant concentration does not alter the shape, morphology, or emission spectra, these properties can be enhanced by incorporating fluxes.  Additionally, the dopant’s mole percentage significantly influences the emission intensity of the phosphors. This review analyzes over 45 papers from the last 15-20 years, focusing on rare-earth ion-doped nanophosphors synthesized using the combustion method. The study provides an in-depth examination of key characteristics such as particle size, crystalline size, surface morphology, and photoluminescence transitions.

Keywords: Rare Earth Doped Nanophosphors, Nanophosphors, Combustion Synthesis Method, Particle Size