Dependence of Nuclear Flow on Different Parts of Nuclear Interaction Potential
Keywords:
Nuclear interaction potential, Nuclear flow, Mass asymmetry, Momentum dependent potential, Symmetry potentialAbstract
The dependence of nuclear flow on different parts of nucleon-nucleon interaction the potential has been investigated for different mass asymmetric reactions 129Xe + 124Sn (η = 0), 82Kr + 158Gd (η = 0.3), 56Fe + 184W (η = 0.5) and 35Cl + 205Tl (η = 0.7) by keeping Atotal= 240 units within the Quantum Molecular theoretical framework. The directed flow increases with the addition of momentum-dependent interactions and symmetry potential while the elliptical flow tends to decrease with the addition of these potentials. These results show that momentum-dependent interactions and symmetry potential have sizable effect on the magnitude of collective nuclear flow. A comparison between our calculations and experimental data for the energy dependence of
elliptical flow for 129Xe + 124Sn system reveals the importance of different components of nucleon-nucleon interaction potential in the reaction dynamics.
Downloads
References
C.K. Gelbke et al., "Dynamical and Statistical Aspects of Intermediate Energy Nucleus Nucleus Collisions" Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 19, 33 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(87)900032;
M. Abdallah, B. Aboona, J. Adam, et al., "Light nuclei collectivity from sNN = 3 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC" Phys. Lett. B, 827, 136941 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.136941.
Bo-Gao, Y. Wang et al.,"Elliptic flow in heavyion collisions at intermediate energy: The role of impact parameter, mean field potential, and collision term" Phys. Lett. B, 838, 137685 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137685.
S. Voloshin, Y. Zhang, "Flow study in relativistic nuclear collisions by Fourier expansion of Azimuthal particle distributions" Z. Phys. C 70, 665 (1996).https://doi.org/10.1007/s002880050141
J. Adamczewski-Musch, O. Arnold, C. Behnke, A. Belounnas, et al., "Directed, Elliptic, and Higher Order Flow Harmonics of Protons, Deuterons, and Tritons in Au+Au Collisions at 2.4 GeV" Phys. Rev. Lett., 125, 262301 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.262301
J. Y. Ollitrault, "Anisotropy as a signature of transverse collective flow" Phys. Rev. D 46, 229
(1992); H. Sorge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2309 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.46.229.
M. Kaur, M. Kaur, and V. Kaur, "Role of different parts of the nucleon-nucleon potential on fragment
production in asymmetric collisions and their rapidity dependence" Phys. Rev. C 96, 024626
(2017).https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.024626
A. Andronic et al., "Excitation function of elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions and the
nuclear matter equation of state" Nucl. Phys. A 679, 765 (2001); Phys. Lett. B 612, 173
(2005).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.02.060
J. Lukasik, G. Auger, M.L. Begemann-Blaich et al., "Directed and elliptic flow in 197Au + 197Au
at intermediate energies" Phys. Lett. B 608, 223 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.12.076
D.J. Magestro et al., "Disappearance of transverse flow in Au+Au collisions" Phys. Rev. C 61, 021602 (2000).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.61.021602 Google Scholar; A. Andronic et al., "Differential directed flow
in Au+Au collisions" Phys. Rev. C 64, 041604 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.041604
M.B. Tsang et al., "Multiplicity dependence of azimuthal distributions for 36Ar+197Au collisions
at E/A=35 MeV" Phys. Rev. C 47, 2717 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.47.2717 ; W.Q. Shen et al., "Disappearance of rotational flow and reaction plane dispersions in Kr+Au collisions" Phys. Rev. C 57, 1508 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.57.1508.
C. A. Ogilvie et al., "Transverse collective motion in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions" Phys. Rev. C 40, 2592 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.40.2592.
G. D. Westfall et al., "Mass dependence of the disappearance of flow in nuclear collisions" Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1986 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1986 ; D. Klakow, G. Welke, andW.Bauer, "Nuclear
flowexcitation function" Phys. Rev. C 48, 1982 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.48.1982
Sangeeta and V. Kaur, "Structural and isospin effects on balance energy and transition energy
via different nuclear charge radii parameterizations" Nuclear Physics A 966, 20-33 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.096
M. B. Tsang, G. F. Bertsch, W. G. Lynch, and M. Tohyama, "Impact parameter and energy dependence of observables in intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions" Phys. Rev. C 40, 1685 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.40.1685.
A. Le Fèvre, Y. Leifels, C. Hartnack, J. Aichelin "Origin of elliptic flow and its dependence on the
equation of state in heavy ion reactions at intermediate energies" Phys. Rev. C, 98, 034901 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.034901.
B. A. Li, "In-medium cross section and disappearance of flow" Phys. Rev. C 48, 2415 (1993).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.48.2415.
M.Begemann-Blaich, et al., "Quantum molecular dynamics simulation of multifragment production in
heavyioncollisions at E/A=600 MeV"Phys.Rev.C 48, 610 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.48.610.
M.B. Tsang, et al., "Fragment multiplicity dependent charge distributions in heavy ion
collisions" Phys. Rev. C 55, R557 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.55.R557.
A. Schuttauf et al., "Universality of spectator fragmentation at relativistic bombarding energies" Nucl.
Phys. A 607, 457 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/03759474(96)00239-4
C. Hartnack, R. K. Puri, J. Aichelin, J. Konopka et al., "Modelling the many-body dynamics of heavy ion collisions: Present status and future perspective" Eur. Phys. J. A 1, 151 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100500050045.
C. Hartnack, H. Oeschler, Y. Leifels, E.L. Bratkovskaya et al., "Strangeness production close to the threshold in proton–nucleus and heavy-ion collisions" Phys. Rep. 510, 119 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2011.08.004.
J. Aichelin, A. Rosenhauer, G. Peilert, H. Stöcker et al., "Importance of Momentum-Dependent In
teractions for the Extraction of the Nuclear Equation of State from High-Energy Heavy-Ion
Collisions" Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1926 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.1926.
J. Aichelin, “Quantum” molecular dynamics—a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investi
gate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions" Phys. Rep. 202, 233
(1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(91)900943
E. Lehmann, R.K. Puri, A. Faessler, G. Batko et al., "Consequences of a covariant de
scription of heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies" Phys. Rev. C 51, 2113(1995).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.51.2113.
E. Lehmann, R.K. Puri, A. Faessler, T. Maruyama et al., "Relativistic versus nonrelativistic quantum
molecular dynamics" Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 30, 219 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(93)90025B.
V. Kaur, S. Kumar, "Phase space analysis of fragmentation and the role of mass asymmetry" Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 39, 085114 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/39/8/085114
S. Kaur, R.K. Puri, "Isospin effects on the energy of peak mass production" Phys. Rev. C 87, 014620
(2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.87.014620.
A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, J. Aichelin, "Study of balance energy in central collisions for heavier nuclei" Phys. Lett. B 594, 260 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.053
S. Gautam, A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, J. Aichelin, "Sensitivity of the transverse flow to the symmetry energy" Phys. Rev. C 83, 034606 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.034606
V. Kaur, S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, "On the elliptical flow and mass asymetry of the colliding nuclei" Phys. Lett. B 697, 512 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.044
L. Zhuxia, C. Hartnack, H. St¨ ocker and W. Greiner, "Transition from binary processes to multifragmen
tation in quantum molecular dynamics for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions" Phys. Rev. C 44,
(1991). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.44.824
Andreas Ekström "Analyzing the Nuclear Interaction: Challenges and New Ideas" Frontiers in Physics 8,
-15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00029
N. Herrmann, J.P. Wessels, T. Wienold, "Collective flow in heavy ion collisions" Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 49, 581 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.49.1.581.; J. Lukasik, W. Trautmann, for the INDRA and ALADIN Collaborations, "Collective flow in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies" Proc. International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC, (Tokyo 2007) 2, 513-515 (2007). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0708.2821.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
URN
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Varinderjit Kaur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Articles in the Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews (Grad. J. InteR3) by Vyom Hans Publications are published and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- CC-BY 4.0 International License.
